Differences Between Infer and Imply

Do you know the differences between Infer and Imply?

Imply is a verb that means to suggest, indicate, or convey a meaning indirectly.

Infer is a verb that means to deduce, conclude, or understand something based on evidence or reasoning.

Understanding the Differences

A key difference to note when deciding which to use is that the speaker does the implying, and the listener does the inferring. Take a look at these examples:

John didn't actually say he'd help me, but he implied (indicated) he would
Anne inferred (concluded) after listening to John that he would help her

As you'll see, in the first one, it's the speaker (John) who is not saying something directly, but implying it somehow, perhaps in his body language.

In the second one the listener, or person receiving the information, (Anne) makes an inference based on the evidence she has (i.e. the indirect indications John gave that he would help).

Examples of Imply and Infer

Let's look at some more examples of the differences between Infer and Imply.

Imply

Imply is a verb that means to suggest, indicate, or convey a meaning indirectly.

It's the speaker (or other entity) that is doing the implying. If something is implied, someone else is then making an educated guess based on the information they have been told or received.

Examples of Imply

Jane's words implied that she knew the secret
(so her words suggest this - Jane is doing the implying)
The advertisement implies that their product is the best
(so the advert is not saying it's the best directly but doing so indirectly somehow).
His silence implied his disagreement.
(his silence leads others to guess he disagrees - he hasn't said he disagrees)
The professor's question implied a deeper understanding.
The painting implies a sense of loneliness.

Infer

So as noted above, infer is a verb that means to deduce, conclude, or understand something based on evidence or reasoning.

You'll notice from these examples that something that someone has done, or some other action, data or information, leads the person to be able to make an 'inference'.

Examples of Infer

From his tone, I inferred that he was upset.
(so the listener is making an inference from the tone of the other person)
The data allows us to infer certain patterns.
She inferred from his actions that he was lying.
The detective inferred the suspect's motive.
Based on the clues, we can infer what happened.

Test yourself in this infer vs imply quiz >>

More Confusing Words:

Is it complement or compliment?
Is it complement or compliment? One refers to enhancing something, the other expresses praise or admiration.
Either or Neither Quiz
Take an either or neither quiz to test your knowledge on these two words and to improve your grammar.
Past Tense of Fit - Explanation and Examples
The past tense of fit can be either fit or fitted as it very much depends on whether it's being used in American English or British English.
Past Tense of Feel: Choosing feel or felt
The past tense of feel is felt. We don't say feeled as feel is an irregular verb which means that it doesn't follow the usual pattern of past simple verbs.
Titled Versus Entitled: How to Choose
This lesson examines titled versus entitled. The words are very different in meaning so it's important to know which is correct.
To vs Too: What is the difference?
Learn about to vs too. To is used as a preposition and to indicate moving towards something. Too means excessive or also. These two words are commonly confusing for English learners. To vs Too grammar mistakes will be noticeable so it's important to understand them.
People Are or Is Grammar Explanation with Examples
Deciding whether to say people are or is in English grammar can be confusing but the explanation is in the difference between the plural and the singular.
Its or It's: Grammar rules to know the difference
Simple rules for its or it's: "It's" with the apostrophe is the shortened form of "it is" or "it has": "It's (it is) hot today"; "It's (it has) been a long time since I saw you". "Its" on the other hand indicates the possessive: "The company increased its wages".
Past tense of hang - Explanation and examples
In using the past tense of hang, there is often confusion over whether to use hanged or hung. Here we will explain the differences and which one is correct.
Drank or Drunk: Advice on which to choose
Confused about whether to use drank or drunk? Drunk is actually the past participle used with the verb 'have'. So 'I have drunk a lot tonight'. 'Drank' is simply the past simple: 'I drank a lot last night'.